AI/ML Security

Products and strategies to protect AI/ML systems and models from manipulation or attack.

AI Governance

Establishing and overseeing guidelines and practices to ensure the ethical, transparent, and accountable development and implementation of AI.

Example(s): Credo AI, Holistic AI, Cranium

LLM Security

Practices and measures to protect LLM models from being exploited for malicious purposes, and to ensure their safe, ethical, and responsible use.

Example(s): CalypsoAI, Lakera, Cape Privacy, Robust Intelligence

ML Security

Protecting machine learning systems from attacks, manipulations, and vulnerabilities, ensuring the integrity, reliability, and confidentiality of ML models and their data

Example(s): Adversa AI, HiddenLayer, Protect AI

Application Security

Practices and techniques used to secure applications from threats and vulnerabilities throughout the development lifecycle.

Example(s): Synopsys Application Security

Application Protection

Technologies to safeguard software applications from vulnerabilities and attacks across their development, deployment, and operational stages.

Example(s): Cloudflare Application Security & Performance, F5, Radware

API Security

Processes and tools for preventing and monitoring malicious attacks and misuse of APIs.

Example(s): Wallarm, Salt Security, Noname, 42Crunch, Astrix

Bot Mitigation

Techniques and tools for assessing website bots and blocking malicious activity.

Example(s): HUMAN, Kasada, Netacea, Fingerprint

CI/CD Security

Integrating security practices and tools into the Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Deployment (CD) pipeline to protect software during the testing, build, and deployment processes.

Example(s): BluBracket, Cloudsmith

Runtime Application Self-Protection (RASP)

Technology that integrates with an application to detect and prevent real-time attacks by analyzing behavior and context during execution.

Example(s): Ghost, Data Theorem, Talsec, Contrast

Web Application Firewall (WAF)

Systems to protect web applications or APIs against exploits, bots, and attacks that compromise the security and availability of web applications.

Example(s): Cloudflare Web Application Firewall, Reblaze, F5 Advanced WAF, Signal Sciences

Application Security Testing

The process of evaluating and examining software applications for security vulnerabilities and weaknesses.

Example(s): Snyk, Veracode, Checkmarx

Application Security Orchestration and Correlation (ASOC)

Integration and automation of various application security tools and processes to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities.

Example(s): Kondukto, ArmorCode

Application Security Posture Management (ASPM)

The continuous process of assessing, improving, and monitoring the security state of software applications.

Example(s): Cycode, Legit Security, Bionic, Enso Security

Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST)

A method of testing applications for security vulnerabilities by simulating external attacks on a running application.

Example(s): StackHawk, Burp Suite, Project Discovery, OWASP ZAP

Fuzz Testing

A testing technique that involves inputting random, malformed, or unexpected data into an application to detect coding errors and security vulnerabilities.

Example(s): Mayhem, Google OSS-Fuzz, Code Intelligence

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) Security

Practices and tools used to ensure that the code and processes used to automate and manage IT infrastructure are secure and free from vulnerabilities.

Example(s): Bridgecrew, GuardRails, Trivy, Apiiro

Interactive Application Security Testing (IAST)

A testing approach that combines static and dynamic analysis to evaluate applications for vulnerabilities in real-time during testing and operation.

Example(s): Acunetix, Oxeye

Mobile Application Security Testing (MAST)

The process of assessing and identifying security vulnerabilities in mobile applications.

Example(s): Appknox, Guardsquare

Static Application Security Testing (SAST)

A method of analyzing code for security vulnerabilities without executing the application.

Example(s): Bearer, Sonar, Semgrep

Software Supply Chain Security

The identification, analysis, monitoring, and mitigation of security risks from third party software vendors, packages, integrations, and other components.

Example(s): Socket, Chainguard, Phylum, Endor Labs, Sonatype, Rezilion

Code Signing

The process of digitally signing software to verify the author's identity and ensure that the code has not been altered or corrupted since it was signed.

Example(s): SignPath, PrimeKey Code Signing, Sigstore

Dependency Scanning

The process of analyzing dependencies for known vulnerabilities and security issues to ensure the security and integrity of an application's third-party components.

Example(s): GitLab Dependency Scanning, Retire.js, OWASP Dependency-Check

License Compliance

Ensuring the use of software within an organization adheres to the terms and conditions outlined in its licensing agreements.

Example(s): Flexera FlexNet Manager, USU License Management, Snow License Manager

Software Bill of Materials (SBOM)

A comprehensive inventory of all components, libraries, and modules used in an application, detailing their versions, licenses, and dependencies.

Example(s): Anchore, Finite State, FOSSA

Software Composition Analysis (SCA)

Processes to identify use of open source software in a codebase to evaluate security, quality, licensing, and other software supply chain risks.

Example(s): Mend.io, Synopsys Black Duck

Blockchain and Web3

Tools for securing and managing risks on blockchain and Web3 platforms.

Example(s): CertiK, Chainalysis, Ledger, StarkWare, Fireblocks, Aleo

Capital Markets

Financial markets where equity and debt are traded, facilitating capital raises by companies, investments by individuals and institutions, and mergers and acquisitions by strategic buyers and institutional investors.

Angel and Seed Investors

Independent individual investors or a group of individual investors who invest capital in early stage cybersecurity companies.

Example(s): Silicon Valley CISO Investments, Boldstart, Team8, Cyberstarts

Investment Banking

Advisors and intermediaries for financial transactions, including mergers, acquisitions, and large scale investments.

Example(s): Tidal Partners, Houlihan Lokey, Altitude Cyber, Momentum Cyber

Private Equity

Late stage private equity firms and investment banks with significant portfolios of cybersecurity companies.

Example(s): Thoma Bravo, Vista Equity Partners, Symphony Technology Group

Venture Capital

Institutional venture capital firms with a significant number of cybersecurity investments and exits.

Example(s): NightDragon, SYN Ventures, YL Ventures, ForgePoint Capital, Ten Eleven, Sequoia, Andreessen Horowitz

Certifications and Training

Comprehensive cybersecurity awareness, education, and credentialing organizations covering one or more major cybersecurity domains.

Example(s): ISC2, SANS Institute, OffSec

Certifications

Official cybersecurity professional credentialing programs offered by governing bodies.

Example(s): Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH), Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP), Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA)

Training

Education and learning courses or materials about cybersecurity-related topics.

Example(s): The Cyber Mentor, Cybrary

Consumer Security and Privacy

Practices and countermeasures to protect personal data and ensure the digital safety of consumers against unauthorized access, misuse, and threats.

Example(s): Aura, Gen, Proton

Anonymous Communication

Tools and protocols for protecting and anonymizing user internet traffic to conceal location, usage, and identity against network surveillance or traffic analysis.

Example(s): The Tor Project, Freenet, Invisible Internet Project (I2P)

Breach Notification Services

Services that help inform users if their personal information, such as email address or passwords, have been leaked in data breaches.

Example(s): Firefox Monitor, 1Password Watchtower, Have I Been Pwned

Consumer Privacy

Protection of personal information and data of consumers, ensuring their right to control its collection, use, and sharing.

Example(s): Fastmail, Cloaked, Privacy, MySudo

Identity Theft Protection

Services that monitor and restore the personal data of consumers in the event of abnormal activity and theft.

Example(s): Identity Guard, LifeLock

Personal Data Economy

Platforms that enable individuals to take ownership of their information and potentially profit from selling data.

Example(s): CitizenMe, Dataswyft, Meeco, World Data Exchange

Personal Information Removal

Services that centralize and automate the process of opting out and removing personal data from data brokers.

Example(s): Onerep, Optery

Personalized Managed Cybersecurity

A set of countermeasures and services designed to protect individuals from security threats.

Example(s): Agency, Blackcloak, Sunday

Privacy Assistants

Tools to help users understand and manage access to their private data.

Example(s): Rita

Reputation

Monitoring, influencing, and improving an individual's public perception and online presence.

Example(s): BrandYourself, Reputation Defender

Secure Collaboration

Platforms for private messaging and information sharing through encrypted communication channels.

Example(s): WhatsApp, Telegram, Signal

Cyber Crime

Illegal activities conducted online, including offenses like hacking, identity theft, and online fraud.

Advanced Persistent Threats (APT)

Organized groups of threat actors who gain unauthorized access to networks for political or economic reasons.

Example(s): Cozy Bear, Double Dragon

Botnets

A network of compromised devices under the organized control of an attacker.

Example(s): Bredolab, Necurs, Mirai

Dark Web

A hidden area of internet sites and services, accessible only from a specialized web browser or proxy.

Example(s): Silk Road, The Hidden Wiki, ProPublica, Daniel

Fraud and Scams

Content, phishing, spam, and other fraudulent activity intended to trick users into sharing sensitive information.

Malware

Intrusive software developed by cybercriminals to steal data or damage systems and networks.

Example(s): Morris worm, Petya, Pegasus

Ransomware

A specific type of malware and associated techniques for restricting access to data or other resources until a ransom is paid.

Example(s): WannaCry, DarkSide, REvil

Spyware and Stalkerware

Tools that enable someone to spy on another person's digital activity without their knowledge.

Example(s): ClevGuard, Pegasus, mSpy

Data Security

Practices and technologies used to protect data from unauthorized access, corruption, or theft throughout its lifecycle.

Example(s): Varonis, Imperva, Rubrik

Data Protection

Technologies to safeguard personal and organizational data from unauthorized access, disclosure, alteration, and destruction.

Example(s): Securiti, IBM Guardium

Data Security Posture Management (DSPM)

A comprehensive approach to continuously identify, assess, and manage the security of data across an organization's entire digital landscape.

Example(s): Cyera, Metomic, Normalyze, Reco, Cyberhaven

Database Security

Tools, controls, and processes to protect databases from compromise.

Example(s): JumpWire, Baffle, Fortinet FortiGuard Database Security

e-Discovery

Identification, collection, and storage of electronic information for investigations and legal requests.

Example(s): Logicube, Nuix, Relativity

Insider Threat Detection

Identifying and mitigating risks posed by individuals within an organization who might misuse access to harm the organization or its data.

Example(s): Code42, Veriato

Public Key Infrastructure

Infrastructure to establish and manage public key encryption for user identities, device identities, and secure end-to-end communications.

Example(s): Let's Encrypt, Entrust, Keyfactor

Rights Management

Software to help companies protect digital content (videos, images, files, etc.) from unauthorized distribution and duplication.

Example(s): Seclore EDRM, Vera

Data Resilience

Processes and technologies to reliably store, manage, and recover critical data in the face of disruptions, attacks, or failures.

Example(s): Veeam, Datto, Acronis, CrashPlan, Druva

Backup and Recovery

Processes and tools for creating, storing, and restoring copies of data to protect against data loss.

Example(s): Hewlett Packard Enterprise Data Protection, Veritas, Rewind

Secure Storage

Processes, hardware, and facilities for maintaining data security and integrity.

Example(s): Iron Mountain, Commvault

Privacy

Managing and safeguarding personal and sensitive information to ensure it is not misused or accessed without proper authorization.

Example(s): BigID

Data Deidentification and Pseudonymity

Tools to redact and deidentify data for use by researchers, data scientists, and other parties without compromising the privacy of people in the dataset.

Example(s): Hazy, Sarus, Blyss

Data Discovery and Classification

The process of scanning data sources to find and classify structured and unstructured data, with a focus on sensitive and/or regulated data.

Example(s): Tanium Reveal, ActiveNav, Varonis Data Classification Engine

Encryption and Tokenization

Processes and tools for transforming sensitive data into an encrypted or masked value.

Example(s): Very Good Security, Evervault, Skyflow

Enterprise Communication

Messaging solutions to help employees and partners within an organization communicate securely.

Example(s): Mattermost, Silent Circle

Fraud and Transaction Security

Measures and technologies to protect financial transactions and sensitive data from fraudulent activities and unauthorized access.

Example(s): Riskified, Sift, Forter, Alloy

Fraud Detection

Systems and processes to monitor, detect, prevent, and remediate fraudulent transactions and activities.

Example(s): Deduce, Arkose Labs, Pindrop, BioCatch

Orchestration

Coordinating and automating various fraud detection and prevention tools and processes to organize the response to fraudulent activities across multiple channels.

Example(s): Authsignal, Dodgeball

Transaction Monitoring

Continuous analysis of financial transactions to identify and prevent fraudulent activities, money laundering, and compliance violations.

Example(s): Youverify, Actimize, Verafin

Governance, Risk, and Compliance

Methods and technologies for managing an organization's overall governance, enterprise risk management, and compliance with regulatory requirements.

Example(s): Archer, OneTrust

Compliance

Processes and technologies to manage adherence to laws, regulations, standards, and ethical practices applicable to an organization's operations and activities.

Example(s): Vanta, Secureframe, Drata

Auditors and Assessors

Firms authorized to conduct independent reviews and certify compliance with regulations and standards.

Example(s): KPMG – Audit, PwC – Trust Solutions, Deloitte – Audit & Assurance, EY – Assurance, Coalfire

Compliance Automation

Tools for automating compliance processes and continuous controls monitoring.

Example(s): RegScale, Tugboat Logic, Very Good Security, AuditCue

Regulations

Official rules to enforce laws created by governments. Implemented and maintained by authorized government agencies.

Example(s): HIPAA, Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX), General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

Third Party Assurance

An examination of a service provider's services, internal controls, and risks conducted by a third party on behalf of customers. Results are documented in a compliance report.

Example(s): ISO 27001, SOC 2

Governance

Frameworks, policies, and processes that ensure an organization is managed effectively, ethically, and in a manner aligned with its objectives and stakeholders' interests.

Example(s): ServiceNow GRC, MetricStream, Diligent

GRC

Systems to automate and integrate enterprise, operational, and IT risk management processes and data.

Example(s): LogicGate, AuditBoard, Camms, Onspring

Metrics and Dashboards

Tools used to track and display key performance indicators to measure cybersecurity risk and effectiveness.

Example(s): ArmorPoint Unified Security Dashboard, Infosys Cyber Gaze, ServiceNow CISO Dashboard

Policies and Procedures

Written documents and tools for managing rules for individuals accessing an organization's systems and data.

Example(s): Comprose, FreePrivacyPolicy, SANS Security Policy Templates

Security Architecture

A core information security function that defines and guides architectural requirements and design of security-relevant elements within an organization.

Example(s): Software Defined Perimeter (SDP), Privacy by Design, Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA)

Security Awareness

Materials and products to measure and improve the knowledge and understanding individuals have about cyber threats and the best practices to safeguard against them.

Example(s): CybSafe, KnowBe4, Riot, Living Security

Segregation of Duties (SOD)

Automated enforcement of shared responsibilities among multiple people for execution of critical processes. Reduces fraud and errors.

Example(s): SAP Access Control, Pathlock

Standards and Frameworks

Documented guidance for policies and controls to systematically manage security and risk.

Example(s): NIST Special Publication 800-53, MITRE ATT&CK, ISACA COBIT, ISO 27002

Privacy Program Management

Policies, practices, and procedures to ensure an organization's handling of personal information complies with privacy laws and respects the rights of individuals.

Example(s): TrustArc, WireWheel

Assessment Managers

Workflows and automation for various functions of a privacy program.

Example(s): OneTrust Privacy Management, BigID Privacy Impact Assessment App

Consent Management

Systems and processes for notifying users about personal data collection and collecting explicit consent.

Example(s): Osano, CookieYes, Enzuzo, UserCentrics

Data Mapping

Tools to help organizations map data flows across the enterprise.

Example(s): BigID Data Mapping, DataGrail

Data Subject Request Automation

Processes and tools to support individual requests for personal data and use under data privacy laws.

Example(s): Ethyca, MineOS, Ketch Data Subject Rights Fulfillment, Transcend

Privacy Information Managers

Information and updates for understanding global privacy laws and regulations.

Example(s): OneTrust DataGuidance

Website Scanning

Tools to check websites to identify which cookies, beacons, and trackers are in use.

Example(s): PrivacyScore, Blacklight, Sovy GDPR Scan

Risk

The process of identifying, assessing, and prioritizing risks to minimize, monitor, and control the probability or impact of unfortunate events.

Example(s): At Bay, BitSight, Coalition, SecurityScorecard

Cyber Insurance

Specialty business insurance for protection against cybersecurity-related losses, including data breaches, ransomware, and other incidents.

Example(s): AIG Cyber Insurance, Chubb Cyber Insurance, Liberty Mutual Cyber Liability

Cyber Risk Quantification

Assessment and quantification an organization's cybersecurity risk level.

Example(s): Balbix, Axio

Enterprise Risk Management

Identification, management, and remediation of company-wide risk at an executive level.

Example(s): ISO 31000, COSO Enterprise Risk Management Framework

Third-Party Risk Management (TPRM)

Identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks associated with external entities like vendors, suppliers, and partners that an organization engages with.

Example(s): Interos, UpGuard, Black Kite

Trust and Safety

Business practices, workflows, and tools used by online platforms to reduce the risk of users experiencing harm, fraud, abuse, and other negative behaviors.

Example(s): Trustpage, Cinder, SafetyKit, Sero AI

Government and NGOs

Public and not-for-profit entities responsible for researching, creating, enforcing, and promoting policies, regulations, standards and initiatives to protect digital information and infrastructure from cyber threats and ensure data privacy.

Agencies

Government agencies specializing in cybersecurity policy, research, and protection.

Example(s): Unit 8200, National Security Agency (NSA), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA)

International Organizations

International government organizations specializing in cybersecurity policy, research, and protection.

Example(s): United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism, NATO Cyber Defence, INTERPOL

NGOs

Not-for-profit organizations specializing in cybersecurity policy, research, and protection.

Example(s): FIDO Alliance, Information Security Forum (ISF), Internet Watch Foundation (IWF), Center for Internet Security (CIS), Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)

Universities

Cybersecurity research and education programs at public and private universities.

Example(s): Citizen Lab, Cybersecurity at MIT Sloan, Stanford Internet Observatory

Identity Security

Policies, technologies, and controls to protect and manage digital identities, ensuring secure access to systems and information while preventing unauthorized use.

Example(s): Ping Identity, Okta, Microsoft Entra, CyberArk, RSA Security

Authentication

Technology for verifying the identity of a user or entity before granting access.

Example(s): Stytch, Transmit Security

Access Management

Platforms for identifying, tracking, controlling, and managing user access to applications and infrastructure.

Example(s): Okta Single Sign-On, Ping Identity Single Sign-On, ForgeRock Access Management

Biometrics

Use of physical or behavioral traits to authenticate and verify identity.

Example(s): Clear, Prove, Keyless

Customer Identity (CIAM)

Systems for controlling customer access to applications and managing customer profile information.

Example(s): Auth0, Descope, FusionAuth

Electronic Identification

Government systems for digital proof of identity for citizens and organizations.

Example(s): Aadhaar, Israeli ID

Identity Graphing and Resolution

Services that correlate online and offline identifiers with consumer identities to create an accurate view of customers.

Example(s): LiveRamp Identity Resolution, Amperity Identity Resolution

Identity Proofing

A service used for verifying a user's identity based on life history or other data aggregated from public and proprietary data sources.

Example(s): Socure, Veriff, Persona, Trulioo, Jumio

Know Your Business (KYB)

The process of verifying the identity and assessing the legitimacy of businesses, typically for compliance and risk management purposes.

Example(s): Middesk, Sumsub

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

Authentication that replaces traditional passwords or combines two or more authentication requirements (e.g. password and one-time token) for increased security.

Example(s): Yubico, Duo Security, Authy

Password Managers

Tools to help users generate, store, and use secure passwords.

Example(s): LastPass, Dashlane, 1Password

Passwordless

Verification of identities without the use of traditional passwords, instead relying on methods like biometrics, tokens, or cryptographic keys.

Example(s): HYPR, Trusona, Passage, Beyond Identity

SaaS Identity Risk Management

Assessing, monitoring, and mitigating risks associated with user access and authentication in unmanaged SaaS applications.

Example(s): Cerby, Grip

Secrets Management

Securely handling, storing, and accessing sensitive information like tokens and encryption keys for protecting access to applications and services.

Example(s): Truffle Security, HashiCorp Vault, CyberArk Conjur, GitGuardian

Self-Service Password Reset (SSPR)

Toos that allow users to reset their passwords independently, typically through a series of authentication steps.

Example(s): FastPass, Quest Password Manager

Social Login

Example(s): Google Sign-In, Sign in with Slack, Facebook Login

Web3 Authentication

Decentralized and user-centric identification systems in the blockchain and cryptocurrency space, enabling users to own and control their digital identities without relying on central authorities.

Example(s): Fractal ID, Dock, NuID, Polygon ID, Privy, Dynamic

Authorization

The process of granting or denying specific permissions and access rights to a user or entity based on their authenticated identity.

Background Screening

Services that compile and help verify employment, criminal, financial, and other records for people and organizations.

Example(s): Checkr, Truework, HireRight

Centralized Authorization

A security approach where access control decisions for multiple systems or applications are managed from a single, unified point of policy enforcement and management.

Example(s): SGNL, Axiomatics, Oso

Data Access Governance

Systems for gaining visibility and enforcing access control policies on unstructured data (spreadsheets, documents, PDFs, etc.).

Example(s): Immuta, Saviynt Data Access Governance, SailPoint File Access Manager

Directory Services

A repository for collecting information about users, devices, and resources for authentication and authorization. LDAP is a common standard for directory services.

Example(s): Microsoft Entra ID, ForgeRock Directory Services, JumpCloud

Identity Governance and Administration (IGA)

Systems for administering accounts and credentials, access provisioning, and access reviews.

Example(s): ConductorOne, SailPoint, Saviynt, BalkanID, Entitle, Opal, Veza

Identity Threat Detection and Response (IDTR)

Identifying, investigating, and mitigating malicious activities targeting user identities and credentials.

Example(s): Spera, Authomize, Semperis

Identity Wallets

Identity stores that allow users to manage and share their digital identity credentials and data.

Example(s): Spruce, Auth0 Sign In With Ethereum (SIWE)

Physical Access Control

Solutions that manage physical identities and access to physical locations and spaces.

Example(s): Avigilon, Kisi, Honeywell Forge, Envoy

Privileged Access Management (PAM)

Systems for managing privileged (elevated) access for users, shared accounts, secrets, keys, and other high risk credentials.

Example(s): Teleport, BeyondTrust, Delinea

Web3 Authorization

The decentralized process of granting or restricting access to resources and actions in blockchain and decentralized applications, based on verified digital identities and smart contracts.

Example(s): Gatekeeper

Infrastructure Security

Protection of critical physical and virtual systems, networks, and assets.

Example(s): Ivanti, Check Point, Fortinet

Cloud Security

Technologies and controls designed to protect data, applications, and infrastructure hosted in cloud environments from threats and vulnerabilities.

Example(s): Orca, Aqua, Lacework, Palo Alto Networks Prisma Cloud, Wiz

Cloud Infrastructure Entitlements Management (CIEM)

Tools to help companies manage permissions and detect excessive or risky access in cloud environments.

Example(s): K9 Security, Sonrai

Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM)

Continuous management, monitoring, policy enforcement, and compliance for cloud environment configurations.

Example(s): Cloudanix, CrowdStrike Falcon Horizon, Microsoft Defender for Cloud

Cloud Workload Protection Platforms (CWPP)

Processes and tools for securing containers and workloads within different cloud environments.

Example(s): Amazon GuardDuty, Zscaler Cloud Protection, Intezer Protect

Cloud-Native Application Protection Platforms (CNAPP)

Integrated security solutions designed to protect cloud-native applications by combining capabilities like workload protection, cloud security posture management, and application security.

Example(s): Uptycs, PingSafe, Sysdig

Container Security

Measures and practices to protect containerized applications and their underlying infrastructure from threats and vulnerabilities throughout the container lifecycle.

Example(s): Fairwinds, Portainer, Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security

SaaS Security

Strategies and measures implemented to protect data, applications, and services hosted on Software as a Service (SaaS) platforms.

Example(s): Obsidian, Push Security, AppOmni, Nudge Security

Email Security

Tools used to protect email accounts and content from unauthorized access, threats, and malicious activities.

Example(s): Mimecast, Proofpoint, Material Security, Abnormal

Anti-Spam and Anti-Phishing

Security measures designed to detect, block, and prevent unwanted or deceptive emails, such as spam and phishing attempts, from reaching users.

Example(s): Cloudflare Area 1 Email Security, GreatHorn, MX Layer, Avanan

Email Archiving

Storing, preserving, and organizing email communications for long-term retention, easy retrieval, and compliance purposes.

Example(s): Smarsh, ArcTitan, Global Relay

Email Encryption

Encrypting email messages in transit and/or at rest to protect their content from being read by anyone other than the intended recipients.

Example(s): Paubox, Mailfence, Proton Mail

Phishing Simulation

A training tool that sends simulated phishing emails to users, testing their ability to recognize and respond to phishing attacks.

Example(s): Phished, Cofense, Hook Security

Secure Email Gateways (SEGs)

Security solutions that monitor and filter incoming and outgoing emails to protect against spam, viruses, phishing attacks, and other email-based threats.

Example(s): Cisco Secure Email Threat Defense, Proofpoint Email Protection, Microsoft Exchange Online Protection

Endpoint Security

Protecting network-connected devices such as computers, mobile phones, and tablets from threats and unauthorized access.

Example(s): SentinelOne, Jamf, Tanium

Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR)

Tools installed on endpoints to record key activity for monitoring and threat investigations.

Example(s): CrowdStrike Falcon, Trend Vision One, SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint

Endpoint Privilege Management (EPM)

Approach and tools for protecting against execution of malware and unapproved applications on endpoints.

Example(s): VMware Carbon Black App Control, Delinea Privilege Manager, CyberArk Endpoint Privilege Manager

Endpoint Protection Platforms (EPP)

Software to protect endpoints from threats, including malware, ransomware, phishing, and data theft.

Example(s): WithSecure, Deep Instinct, SparkCognition EPP

File Integrity Monitoring

Solutions to monitor changes in operating system, database, and application files.

Example(s): Qualys File Integrity Monitoring, CrowdStrike Falcon FileVantage, Tripwire File Integrity Manager

Host Encryption

The process of encrypting the data stored on a host, such as a server or a computer, to protect it against unauthorized access and ensure its confidentiality.

Example(s): Apple FileVault, Microsoft BitLocker, Symantec Encryption

Host Intrusion Prevention System (HIPS)

Endpoint-based intrusion detection and prevention system to monitor and analyze internals and network traffic on the endpoint for prevention and detection of threats.

Example(s): ManageEngine EventLog Analyzer, OSSEC, SolarWinds Security Event Manager

Mobile Device Management (MDM)

Technology used to secure, monitor, manage, and support mobile devices deployed across mobile operators, service providers, and enterprises.

Example(s): Absolute, Kandji, NinjaOne

Mobile Security

Tools protect sensitive information stored on mobile devices, including smartphones, tablets, and wearables.

Example(s): Jamf Protect, Lookout Mobile Endpoint Security, Deep Instinct Mobile Security

Network Security

Practices to protect networks and data from unauthorized access, attacks, or misuse.

Example(s): Barracuda, Juniper Networks, SonicWall

DDoS Mitigation

Services to throttle and prevent distributed denial of service attack disruptions.

Example(s): Cloudflare DDoS Protection, Radware Cloud DDoS Protection Service, Akamai Prolexic

DNS Security

Protecting the Domain Name System (DNS) from threats and ensuring the integrity and availability of DNS queries and responses.

Example(s): OpenDNS, Cloudflare DNS, HYAS

Firewalls

Network security devices to regulate network traffic based on rules.

Example(s): Palo Alto Networks Next-Generation Firewall, Fortinet Next Generation Firewall (NGFW), Cisco Secure Firewall, CheckPoint Firewall

Microsegmentation

Techniques and tools to logically divide networks into security segments with specific controls based on the risk and requirements of each segment.

Example(s): Illumio, Elisity, Akamai Guardicore

Network Access Control (NAC)

Systems that provide visibility and control of devices accessing a network.

Example(s): Aruba Secure Network Access Control, Portnox

Network Detection and Response (NDR)

Solutions that continuously monitor network traffic for malicious activities and anomalies, facilitating rapid detection and response to threats.

Example(s): Darktrace DETECT, Vectra AI, ExtraHop

SSL Visibility

Tools that provide visibility into encrypted network traffic for monitoring and threat analysis.

Example(s): Broadcom SSL Visibility Appliance, F5 SSL Orchestrator

Wireless Security

Prevention of damage and unauthorized access via wireless networks.

Example(s): Aruba Wireless, Plume, 7SIGNAL, WatchGuard Secure Wi-Fi

Secure Access Service Edge (SASE)

A network architecture that combines WAN capabilities with cloud-native security functions to support dynamic, secure access to apps and data.

Example(s): Zscaler, Netskope, CATO Networks

Cloud Access Security Brokers (CASB)

Platforms to help secure and manage use of cloud-based SaaS applications and infrastructure.

Example(s): Forcepoint Cloud Access Security Broker, Axis Atmos CASB, Netskope Cloud Access Security Broker

Data Loss/Leakage Prevention (DLP)

Systems to detect and prevent transmission of sensitive data.

Example(s): Symantec Data Loss Prevention, Proofpoint Enterprise Data Loss Prevention, Forcepoint Data Loss Prevention

Device Trust

A security approach that evaluates and verifies the trustworthiness of a device based on its attributes and configuration before granting it access.

Example(s): Kolide

Remote Browser Isolation (RBI)

Technology that executes web browsing sessions in a remote, isolated environment, protecting the user's device from direct exposure to potential internet threats.

Example(s): Zscaler Browser Isolation, Citrix Remote Browser Isolation, Menlo Security Remote Browser Isolation

Secure Web Browsers

Security-focused web browsers and isolation for enterprises.

Example(s): Island, Talon, SURF

Secure Web Gateway (SWG)

Systems to filter user-initiated internet traffic and enforce corporate and regulatory content policies.

Example(s): dope.security, Forcepoint Secure Web Gateway, Lookout Secure Web Gateway, Menlo Secure Web Gateway

Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN)

A networking approach that uses software to control, optimize, and secure traffic routing across wide area networks.

Example(s): Versa Networks, HPE Aruba EdgeConnect SD-WAN, Nuage Networks

Virtual Private Networks (VPN)

Systems that enable users to securely and privately browse public internet sites and access private networks across a public network.

Example(s): ProtonVPN, Ivanti Connect Secure, NordVPN

Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA)

Products that broker access to applications and network resources based on identity and context.

Example(s): Cloudflare Access, Zscaler Private Access, Palo Alto Networks Prisma Access, Appgate SDP

Media

Organizations providing broad industry coverage, including analysis, events, news, and more.

Example(s): Omdia, Gartner, Forrester, Information Security Media Group (ISMG)

Analysts

Firms and independent analysts covering cybersecurity companies and trends.

Example(s): Venture in Security, Strategy of Security, Software Analyst

Books

Authors writing books about cybersecurity topics.

Example(s): Matt Bishop, Bruce Schneier, Victoria Baines

Events

Conferences and events related to cybersecurity.

Example(s): RSA Conference, Black Hat, DEF CON

News

Media and independent journalists covering cybersecurity news and events.

Example(s): Return on Security, CyberWire, This Week In Security, tl;dr sec

Publications

Magazines, journals, and other digital media about cybersecurity topics.

Example(s): ISACA Journal, CISO Magazine, SC Magazine

Physical Security

Measures and controls to protect people, assets, and facilities from physical actions and events that could cause serious loss or damage.

Example(s): Armis, Claroty, Dragos

Connected Car Security

Protection of vehicle electronic systems, software, and data from malicious attacks.

Example(s): Foretellix, Otonomo

Connected Home Security

Protection of home electronic systems, software, and data from malicious attacks.

Example(s): SAM, CUJO AI, Bitdefender BOX

Firmware Security

Protecting the firmware of computers or devices from compromise.

Example(s): Palitronica Anvil, Eclypsium, Trapezoid

Internet of Things (IoT) Security

Security for Internet of Things (IoT) devices and connected networks.

Example(s): Venafi, Regulus, Bastille, Karamba Security

Operational Technology (OT) Security

Tools to monitor and control the security of Operational Technology (OT) and Industrial Control Systems (ICS).

Example(s): Palitronica Palisade, Tenable.ot, Star Lab

Security Operations

Practices, processes, and technologies to continuously monitor, assess, and defend IT infrastructure against cybersecurity threats and incidents.

Example(s): Palo Alto Networks Cortex, Google Chronicle Security Operations, Palantir

Digital Forensics and Incident Response (DFIR)

Investigation of security incidents through the collection and analysis of digital evidence and implementation of measures to manage and mitigate their impact.

Example(s): Mandiant, Magnet Forensics, incident.io, Stairwell

Cloud Investigationand Response Automation (CIRA)

Automated data collection and analysis across multi-cloud environments for cloud incident investigations.

Example(s): Gem, Mitiga, Cado

Deception

Tools and techniques to deceive and catch attackers by imitating real assets as traps and decoys.

Example(s): Illusive Attack Detection System

Forensics

Tracking and analysis of data on networks, mobile devices, computers, and storage devices for cybercrime investigations.

Example(s): EnCase, AccessData, The Sleuth Kit

Intelligence

Collection, analysis, and dissemination of information about current and potential cyber threats and vulnerabilities.

Example(s): ZeroFox, Recorded Future, Reliaquest

Open Source Intelligence (OSINT)

Collection of publicly available data and information sources to provide actionable intelligence.

Example(s): Shodan, Maltego

Threat Intelligence

Collection of intelligence used to understand current or future threats to an organization.

Example(s): Cybersixgill, SpyCloud, GreyNoise, Flashpoint

Intrusion Detection and Prevention

Technologies that monitor network and system activities for malicious actions or policy violations and automatically take actions to block or prevent potential incidents.

Example(s): FortiNet FortiGate, Juniper Networks SRX Series Firewalls

Canaries

Decoy data or systems strategically placed within a network to detect and alert on unauthorized access or malicious activity, functioning as an early warning system.

Example(s): Thinkst Canary

Honeypots

Decoy servers, systems, or data to attract and analyze attacks, helping to understand threat tactics and enhance network defenses.

Example(s): Glastopf, KFSensor, Honeyd

Intrusion Detection System (IDS)/Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)

Systems to monitor and prevent network traffic using recognized security threat profiles.

Example(s): CheckPoint Intrusion Prevention System, Cisco Secure IPS

Monitoring and Operations

Continuous surveillance and management of an organization's IT environment to detect, analyze, respond to, and mitigate cybersecurity threats and incidents.

Example(s): Exabeam, Splunk, Sumo Logic

Analytics

Data analytics platforms to proactively monitor and analyze security data.

Example(s): Exabeam, Darktrace, Awake

Cybersecurity ETL

Processes and tools to extract, normalize, and enrich security data from multiple tools.

Example(s): Tarsal, Synqly, Observo, Monad, DataBahn

Employee Monitoring

Monitoring tools for logging and measuring employee activity and productivity.

Example(s): TeraMind, Controlio

Extended Detection and Response (XDR)

Systems to aggregate and analyze data to improve threat detection and incident response.

Example(s): CrowdStrike Falcon XDR, Cynet, Sophos XDR, Palo Alto Networks Cortex XDR

Network Performance Monitoring

Platforms to visualize, monitor, optimize, troubleshoot, and report on the health and availability of networks.

Example(s): NetScout, SolarWinds Network Performance Monitor

Observability

Software for application and infrastructure monitoring, tracing, diagnostics, performance, and security.

Example(s): Sentry, New Relic, Datadog, Cribl, Axiom

Security Data Lakes

A centralized repository that stores large volumes of raw security data from various sources within commercial cloud data platforms, enabling advanced analytics and threat detection.

Example(s): Hunters, Elysium Analytics, Panther

Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)

Tools to consolidate and correlate log data for identification of security incidents.

Example(s): Sumo Logic Cloud SIEM, Devo, Securonix, Elastic SIEM, Splunk Enterprise Security

Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR)

Automation to increase the speed, reliability, and accuracy of security operations workflows.

Example(s): Tines, Swimlane, Cyware, Revelstoke, Torq

User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA)

Processes and tools to detect threats based on patterns in user behavior.

Example(s): Gurucul, Securonix UEBA, Exabeam Behavioral Analytics

Service Management

Planning, delivering, operating, and controlling information technology services offered to customers, focusing on aligning IT processes and services with business needs.

Example(s): ServiceNow, Oomnitza, Kaseya, Electric

Asset Management

Processes and tools for identifying and managing IT assets and their potential security risks.

Example(s): Axonius, Armis

Configuration Management Database (CMDB)

A database for storing information about hardware and software assets. CMDBs are primarily used for IT Service Management; however, much of the data is applicable to security operations.

Example(s): ServiceNow CMDB, Solarwinds CMDB

Patch and System Management

Processes and tools for keeping applications and infrastructure up to date with patches to address bugs and vulnerabilities.

Example(s): ManageEngine Patch Manager, Tanium Patch, Solarwinds Patch Manager

Vulnerability Assessment and Management

Systematically identifying, evaluating, treating, and reporting on security vulnerabilities in systems and software to minimize the risk of attacks.

Example(s): Qualys, Tenable

Attack Surface Management (ASM)

The continuous process of identifying, cataloging, monitoring, and minimizing exposed and potentially exploitable points in an organization's environment.

Example(s): Balbix, Upguard, NMAP, JupiterOne

Cyber Range

Platforms for hands-on cybersecurity attack training and practice.

Example(s): Hack the Box, Cyberbit Cyber Range

External Attack Surface Management (EASM)

Identifying, analyzing, and securing an organization's publicly exposed systems, services, and data to mitigate risks from external threats.

Example(s): Sevco, CyCognito, Detectify

Penetration Testing

Intentional attacks on applications, networks, and infrastructure to identify exploitable vulnerabilities.

Example(s): Wireshark, Praetorian Chariot, Metasploit

Social Engineering

Techniques to manipulate people into exposing confidential information, allowing unauthorized access, and other human-exploitable vulnerabilities.

Example(s): Cofense

Vulnerability Management and Testing

Processes and tools for discovering, classifying, prioritizing, and remediating software and infrastructure vulnerabilities.

Example(s): Vulcan, ThreadFix, Nucleus

Services

Specialized service offerings to protect digital assets, systems, and networks from cyber threats, vulnerabilities, and attacks.

Example(s): Secureworks, Accenture, Mandiant

Managed Services

Outsourcing of specific security processes or functions to a third-party provider, who manages and delivers these services under a contractual agreement.

Incident Response (IR)

specialized assistance from external experts to effectively manage and mitigate the impact of cybersecurity incidents to recover and minimize damage.

Example(s): CrowdStrike Incident Response Services, Kroll Incident Response and Litigation Support, Binary Defense

Managed Detection and Response (MDR)

Outsourced management and monitoring for advanced cybersecurity functions and systems, including threat intelligence, threat hunting, and incident response.

Example(s): eSentire, Red Canary, Sophos, Deepwatch, BlueVoyant, Arctic Wolf

Managed Security Service Provider (MSSP)

Outsourced management and monitoring for basic cybersecurity functions and systems.

Example(s): Optiv, IBM, Verizon

Outsourcing

External management of specific cybersecurity functions (typically operational tasks).

Example(s): Infosys, Wipro, TCS

Professional Services

Specialized, knowledge-based services provided by experts in security strategy, implementation, or operations to support clients' specific business needs.

Boutique

Specialized cybersecurity, privacy, or risk consulting practices within small professional services firms.

Example(s): Praetorian, BeyondID, Cyderes, NetSPI

Large

Cybersecurity, privacy, and risk consulting practices within large professional services firms.

Example(s): Deloitte, PwC, Optiv

Talent Marketplaces

Specialized platforms that connect freelancers or job seekers with organizations or individuals looking to hire specific security skills or expertise for short-term or project-based work.

Crowdsourcing

Public platforms for specific cybersecurity services, such as bug bounties.

Example(s): Synack, BugCrowd, HackerOne

Freelance Consulting

Platforms for short-term cybersecurity gigs or contracts for 1099 workers through an employer.

Example(s): EY GigNow, Toptal, PwC Talent Exchange, Accenture Contractor Exchange

The Ecosystem, Explained

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Cybersecurity, Privacy, and Trust